Ledger with drawings, sketches, and watercolors by Kiowas Koba and Etahdleuh Doanmoe, circa 1878-1885, while they were students at the United States Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, or imprisoned at Fort Marion in Saint Augustine, Florida. The ledger includes twenty-three pages of artwork attributed to Koba, four pages attributed to Doanmoe, and two pages of unattributed work.
Images of Kiowa material culture include depictions of strike-a-lite bags, tipis, and war shields, as well as individual images of a cradleboard, an eagle-feather headdress, a lance, a parfleche, and a shirt. Other material objects include a cooking pot, a knife, and a rifle, as well as several wagons. The ledger also includes depictions of horses and buffalo, as well as a drawing of a stag elk.
Images of religious symbols include a Thunderbird and a horned mystical creature, as well as material related to the Native American Church, including buttons of peyote (Lophophora williamsii) and geometric designs used in ceremonies. One drawing depicts Rainy Mountain (Sépyáldá), an important cultural site for Kiowas.
The ledger includes a view of a train with an engineer operating a locomotive pulling railcars with American Indian passengers, as well as a view of a stockade fort flying a United States flag.
Portraits of American Indian women and men include a representation of a man with smallpox. A copy drawing reproduces a studio portrait photograph that depicts Kiowa Indian chief Stumbling Bear created in 1869 by photographer William S. Soule.
Before its use by Koba and Etahdleuh Doanmoe, the ledger belonged to Jose P. G. Valdez, probably a butcher in St. Augustine, Florida. It includes his name and a list of clients on the front flyleaf and his name on the back flyleaf, as well a brief entry in Spanish on page 102. The ledger also lacks the first twenty-two pages, which presumably held his business entries. The remaining 185 pages are blank.
The back flyleaf includes computations to establish the ages of people in 1887 and 1889, probably students at the United States Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
